Alpha1-Proteinase Inhibitor
Name: Alpha1-Proteinase Inhibitor
- Alpha1-Proteinase Inhibitor 16 mg
- Alpha1-Proteinase Inhibitor 1000 mg
- Alpha1-Proteinase Inhibitor 60 mg
- Alpha1-Proteinase Inhibitor 500 mg
Description
ARALAST NP contains approximately 2% Alpha1-PI with truncated C-terminal lysine (removal of Lys394), whereas ARALAST contains approximately 67% Alpha1-PI with the C-terminal lysine truncation.8 No known data suggest influence of these structural modifications on the functional activity and immunogenicity of Alpha1-PI.9
ARALAST NP is a sterile, lyophilized preparation of purified human alpha1-proteinase inhibitor (Alpha1-PI), also known as alpha1-antitrypsin (AAT). ARALAST NP is a similar product to ARALAST, containing the same active components of plasma Alpha1-PI with identical formulations.
ARALAST NP is prepared from large pools of human plasma by using the cold ethanol fractionation process, followed by purification steps including polyethylene glycol and zinc chloride precipitations and ion exchange chromatography.
To reduce the risk of viral transmission, the manufacturing process includes treatment with a solvent detergent (S/D) mixture [tri-n-butyl phosphate and polysorbate 80] to inactivate enveloped viral agents such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B (HBV), and hepatitis C (HCV). In addition, a nanofiltration step is incorporated into the manufacturing process to reduce the risk of transmission of enveloped and non-enveloped viral agents. Based on in vitro studies, the process used to produce ARALAST NP has been shown to inactivate and/or partition various viruses as shown in Table 3 below.
Table 3 : Virus Log Reduction in ARALAST NP Manufacturing Process
Processing Step | Virus Log Reduction Factors | ||||
HIV-1 | BVDV | PRV | HAV | MMV | |
Cold ethanol fractionation | 4.6 | 1.4 | 2.1 | 1.4 | ≤ 1.0a |
Solvent Detergent-treatment | > 5.8 | > 6.0 | > 5.5 | N/A | N/A |
15 N nanofiltration | > 5.3 | > 6.0 | > 5.6 | > 5.1 | 4.9 |
Overall reduction factor | > 15.7 | > 13.4 | > 13.2 | > 6.5 | 4.9 |
aHIV-1: Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1; BVDV: Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus, model for Hepatitis C Virus and other lipid enveloped RNA viruses; PRV: Pseudorabies Virus, model for lipid-enveloped DNA viruses, to which Hepatitis B also belongs; HAV: Hepatitis A Virus; MMV: Mice Minute Virus, model for small non-lipid-enveloped DNA viruses |
Reduction factors < 1.0 are not used for calculation of the overall reduction factor
N/A - Not applicable; study did not test for virus indicated
The unreconstituted, lyophilized cake should be white or off-white to slightly yellow-green or yellow in color. When reconstituted as directed, the concentration of functionally active Alpha1-PI is ≥ 16 mg/mL and the specific activity is ≥ 0.55 mg active Alpha1-PI/mg total protein. The composition of the reconstituted product is as follows:
Component | Quantity/mL |
Elastase Inhibitory Activity | ≥ 400 mg Active Alpha1-PI/0.5 g viala ≥ 800 mg Active Alpha1-PI/1.0 g vialb |
Albumin | ≤ 5 mg/mL |
Polyethylene Glycol | ≤ 112 mcg/mL |
Polysorbate 80 | ≤ 50 mcg/mL |
Sodium | ≤ 230 micromol/mL |
Tri-n-butyl Phosphate | ≤ 1.0 mcg/mL |
Zinc | ≤ 3 mg/L |
aReconstitution volume: 25 mL/0.5 g vial bReconstitution volume: 50 mL/1.0 g vial |
Each vial of ARALAST NP has the functional activity, as determined by inhibition of porcine pancreatic elastase, stated on the label. The formulation contains no preservative. The pH of the solution ranges from 7.2 to 7.8. Product must only be administered intravenously.
Warnings
Included as part of the PRECAUTIONS section.
Overdose
No information provided.
Dosage Forms
Excipient information presented when available (limited, particularly for generics); consult specific product labeling. [DSC] = Discontinued product
Solution, Intravenous [preservative free]:
Glassia: 1000 mg/50 mL (1 ea) [latex free]
Solution Reconstituted, Intravenous [preservative free]:
Aralast NP: 400 mg (1 ea [DSC]); 500 mg (1 ea); 800 mg (1 ea [DSC]); 1000 mg (1 ea) [contains polyethylene glycol, polysorbate 80]
Prolastin-C: 1000 mg (1 ea)
Zemaira: 1000 mg (1 ea)
Pharmacologic Category
- Antitrypsin Deficiency Agent
- Blood Product Derivative
Pharmacology
Alpha1-antitrypsin (AAT) is the principle protease inhibitor in serum. Its major physiologic role is to render proteolytic enzymes (secreted during inflammation) inactive. A decrease in AAT, as seen in congenital AAT deficiency, leads to increased elastic damage in the lung, causing emphysema.
Distribution
Vd: ~3.5 L
Time to Peak
Serum: ~1 hour; threshold levels achieved after 3 weeks
Half-Life Elimination
Metabolic: ~5-6 days
Dosing Adult
Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency: IV: 60 mg/kg once weekly
Reconstitution
Reconstitute lyophilized powder with provided diluent (SWFI). Allow product and diluent to reach room temperature (if refrigerated) prior to reconstitution. Filtering requirements during preparation vary by product; consult manufacturer recommendations. May pool vial contents by transferring into a sterile container for IV infusion. To mix, swirl; do not shake. Administer within 3 hours of preparation or within 3 hours of entering the vial (Glassia); products do not contain a preservative.
Aralast NP: Each 500 mg and 1,000 mg vial should be diluted with 25 mL and 50 mL of diluent, respectively
Prolastin-C: Each 1,000 mg vial should be diluted with 20 mL of diluent
Zemaira: Each 1,000 mg vial should be diluted with 20 mL of diluent
Pregnancy Risk Factor C Pregnancy Considerations
Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted.